Abstract: During the long-term struggle against floods, a large number of floodplains and polders(F&Ps) have formed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The floodplains and polders are not only a place for flood discharge and detention in the Yangtze River, but also a home for the residents inside them to survive. Strengthening the flood control and management of F&Ps is an important task to improve the flood control systems of the river basin, and it is also an urgent need widely proposed by various regions of the river basin. On the basis of reviewing the history of the formation of F&Ps in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the previous management situation, this article discusses the important significance of strengthening flood control and management of the F&Ps in the new era. Following the new development concept of "coordinated development and safety" and the overall idea of "segmented(district) control and classified governance", the comprehensively establishing basic information ledgers, deeply demonstrating the positioning of flood zoning, scientifically determining segmented(district) classification standards, and systematically putting forward the construction management plan and other aspects are proposed for the direction of strengthening flood work of the F&Ps, providing support for the new development pattern of coordinating flood control safety in the basin and high-quality regional development.