Abstract: In recent years, frequent flood and drought disasters have occurred in Jiangsu Province. Exploring the spatiotemporal characteristics of droughts and floods is of great significance for flood prevention, drought resistance, and disaster reduction. This article is based on monthly precipitation data from 21 meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province from 1960 to 2018. The standardized precipitation index is used to characterize meteorological drought, and the evolution characteristics of drought and flood frequency, impact range, and intensity in Jiangsu Province at different time scales are analyzed. The results indicate that, Jiangsu Province tends to be dry in spring and autumn, and humid in summer and winter, with a decreasing frequency of occurrence as drought and flood levels increase; The frequency of droughts and floods is highest in the northern Jiangsu region, followed by the Changjiang-Huaihe region in Jiangsu province, and lowest in the southern Jiangsu region; The intensity and scope of drought in spring, summer, and autumn all show an increasing trend, while other seasons show a decreasing trend. The intensity and scope of rainfall and flood in summer and winter show an increasing trend.