Abstract: From 1982 to 2024, there were a total of 13 El Niño events worldwide. Affected by the El Niño events, floods and droughts are frequent in Jiangxi Province, with a high proportion of years experiencing major floods or droughts. This article analyzes the situation of major floods and droughts in Jiangxi Province through previous El Niño events, comprehensively elaborates on the impact of El Niño events on flood and drought disasters in Jiangxi Province, and proposes measures to strengthen the observation of El Niño phenomena, enhance research on the relationship between El Niño events and regional flood and drought disasters, establish the relationship between El Niño events and medium to long-term flood forecasting, and accelerate the improvement of the flood and drought disaster management system to cope with El Niño.